Liberty Lyceum Travel

“Mind the Gap” and Other Lessons Learned

June 14, 2011 · 4 Comments

As we wrap up three months of travel in Spain, Italy, and England, I thought I’d share what has worked and what hasn’t, and things I would recommend for other travelers now that we have done this long-term trip. I’ll touch on the pros and cons of taking a long trip like this; money; city maps; travel umbrellas; public transportation; food and culture; mobile Internet connections; and whether you should consider being part of a tour group.

Announcers on London metro trains ("the Tube") call out "Mind the gap," because there can be space between the train and platform when you step off. It's an inside joke for us -- we think it's funny because we got yelled at for leaving "gaps" in our tour group (space between people as we moved through crowded streets) in Italy.

Pros and cons of a long-term trip: There is no question that by allowing ourselves more time in each location that we were able to immerse in the experience and go broader and deeper than most tourists do. We’ve had a glorious time, and feel we have really gotten to know the cities we’ve visited. We had to pace ourselves, because you can’t keep up a hectic tour schedule every day for three months.

Planning such a long-term trip allowed us to escape other obligations, such as not having Miss C enrolled in any classes for Spring Quarter, so she was free to immerse in the trip. That said, she did have the tail end of the second semester of Latin II to complete online during the first month. That was a mistake we would not make again. Cut loose all your ties and go explore.

The disadvantage of such a long-term trip is that we miss our home, and my husband/her dad, so much. He did come join us for 2 weeks in Spain, and one week in England, so he was with us for a quarter of the trip. But we’re a close family, and the separation has been hard!

Not only that, but we miss our beds and our pillows and the silence of our neighborhood except for birds waking us up. Where we are now, there are paper-thin walls and lots of sirens and partying noise outside at night. We stayed in a hostal (family-owned economy hotel in Spain, not a student hostel) that reeked of bleach and in places where the sheets were scratchy and the towels wouldn’t absorb any water. Many of the hotels and hostals in Spain and Italy had weird half doors on the showers, so we were always getting water all over the bathroom floor. In El Rocio, Spain, with its sand streets, we tracked sand into the room and everything was gritty; we had sand in our eyebrows and in our nostrils, for crying out loud. Anyone can take the inconveniences of travel for a week or two, but when it’s been three months, it can wear on you. We have loved our adventure, but Miss C has said repeatedly how much she now appreciates how nice our home is (not a bad lesson for a young teen to learn!). There is no place like home, and we will be so glad to be back there.

Money: It’s really expensive in Europe, with the exchange rate for both euros (in Spain and Italy) and pounds sterling (in England) being about 1.6 dollars to a euro or pound while we’ve been here. It’s very easy to use euros or pounds to spend money — they work just like dollars and the biggest difference is getting used to having coins for one and two euros (or one and two pounds) — they don’t use paper for these values at all. The problem is really thinking about how much money you are spending, instead of falling into the trap of basically considering euros or pounds equivalent to dollars. I would think, 20 euros, that’s reasonable for lunch — but we were actually spending 32 dollars, because our money was earned in dollars. That feels a little different. It’s a mindset change to think about it this way, but it’s really necessary if you aren’t overflowing with money.

It is also very necessary to have a debit card from which you can withdraw cash at ATMs. If you can possibly have one with an account like we have at eTrade, which doesn’t charge you fees at different companies’ machines for withdrawals, that is better. One lesson I learned is that to use our debit card, the ATM must have a Visa logo (or Visa Plus logo) on it. We had no problem with this in Spain or Italy, but in England when I first tried to withdraw cash (from three different machines) I kept getting a message that my card was “declined.” Finally an eTrade rep told me to look for a Visa logo — sure enough, these off-brand ATMs don’t work with US cards! Luckily, there are plenty of Visa-authorized machines around; I just had to know to look for them.

You need a lot of cash because very few restaurants (at least in Spain and Italy) will include the tip on a credit card payment for a meal. Even in England, waiters prefer cash for tips (and I do understand that, having worked my way through college as a waitress!). We’ve also needed cash in London to add money to our “Oyster cards” for the Tube. Although they have machines in the stations that accept credit cards, they don’t work with US cards.

Good city maps. You’re missing the point in a European city if you don’t walk all over the place. The side streets are often the most interesting, and they don’t have as many (or any) cars. You need to know the names of all those little streets, so a general overview is not enough. We found good maps in different places, depending on the area. In Andalusia (Southern Spain), they had great information booths with terrific maps (so those covered us in Seville, Cordoba, and Granada). In Madrid and Barcelona, there was no such thing. I found a great map in Madrid at a tourist stand, but I never did get a decent one in Barcelona, and it made a difference. In London, we found an excellent small book, “The Handy London Map & Guide,” which seems to be available in lots of places. If the map you get doesn’t identify the small streets and important buildings and locations, keep looking until you get a good one. Then follow it to walk everywhere, as much as possible.

Small travel umbrellas. You need these, tucked in your purse or backpack. Otherwise you can’t walk all over the place, as described above. We had some lightweight ones from Eddie Bauer that were great all the way through Spain and Italy, but were bent and useless by the time we got to London. We bought some inexpensive ones to replace them.

Know how to use public transportation. Walk as much as you can in the old city centers, but to extend your range, it is excellent to be able to jump on the metro and go. We found it advantageous when we were doing this a lot to buy multiple-use cards. In Rome, it’s easy to buy a disposable 3-day pass that works on all the trains and buses, and you can use it as much as you want for that flat rate. In London, “Oyster cards” are refillable but charge you according to distance and transfers. If you aren’t used to cities, it may take a little doing to get used to hopping on and off trains and making connections, but it is so worth it. Taxis are expensive and tend to have to go the long way around in old European cities. The roads they travel are often choked with traffic. Meanwhile, you can take a 10- or 15-minute train ride for much less money, and you’re right there.

Food and culture. Spain was really hard for us at first. Not only can you not get regular American coffee first thing in the morning, but it’s hard to find at all. Yes, the espresso and cappuccino are delicious, but there just isn’t enough volume for an American coffee addict. We are also used to having a substantial breakfast and lighter dinners. It works just the opposite in Spain. They eat late dinners and hardly have anything at all available for breakfast. It’s similar in Italy, but at least the restaurants have longer hours, especially in Rome. You can usually get something to eat in Rome, whereas in Spain we often had trouble with the kitchens being closed for that afternoon siesta of 3 hours, when we’d just arrived in town after a long train ride, and needed a sandwich! We also suffered from not enough salads and vegetables in Spain (well, we are Californians).

Of course, we also were able to try lots of new foods, especially in Spain, that were great! We stumbled at first on eating tapas, because I didn’t want to take Miss C into bars, where they are often served. We soon got over that hesitation and frequented bars from then on, and became tapas converts.

The point is, when you travel for a short time, it’s okay if there are different foods, serving hours, and routines. But long-term, it is a major adjustment to eat so differently. It requires some careful thought and preparation.

Mobile Internet connection. You can get by with finding occasional public Wifi spots and using the Net when it’s available in restaurants or bars, but if you’re a geek, this will not be enough, especially for long-term travel. The solution we found, buying a mobile Wifi device and getting a different SIM card for it in each country, worked really well. I wrote about this here earlier, so I won’t go into it again here, except to add what we learned on top of this.

First, battery power was usually a greater limitation than Wifi Internet access, using our device. I carried a Power Pack from New Trent which could be used for extra juice for my iPhone or Miss C’s, or for our Mobile Wifi device, and it was really necessary when we were out for a long day.

Secondly, I had more of a limit on my daily Internet use with the mobile Wifi device in Spain than in Italy or England (which were unlimited, or practically so). So it came as a shock when I found I was somehow using hundreds of megabytes of data the first day, without actually using my phone. I learned that I needed to turn off “push” on all the iPhone apps, because otherwise it is constantly exchanging data through the server in the background. I also needed to use my iPhone in Airplane mode, and make phone calls through the data line using the Line2 software. Otherwise my phone would roam and pick up the local cell service, whether I wanted it to, or not.

Beyond these tweaks, it’s been great having a mobile Wifi device with us on our journey, through which we’ve been able to connect three laptops (when Neil was with us) and three iPhones to the Internet. Highly recommended.

Tour groups. I think you either are a tour group person, or you are not. We learned on this trip that we are definitely not tour group people.

Really, I should have known better. I planned six weeks of independent travel in Spain for my daughter and me. We took trains and buses and traveled from Madrid to Seville to El Rocio to Cordoba and back to Madrid, and then with my husband we went to Granada and Barcelona. Then we flew to Rome, where we’d be on our own for four days, and then join an educational tour group for 8 days. My mom joined us in Rome a couple days before the tour was to begin; I went out to the airport to meet her and brought her back into Rome on the train. I now understand that a person who could do all that, who would even think of doing all that, would not be happy following around behind a tour group.

The evening before Day One, we sensed trouble. The group gathered in the cafeteria of a suburban hotel on the outer edge of Rome where they could park the tour bus (we moved out there from our room in the heart of Rome). We were served a bland meal and we thought “Wait, bad food in Italy?” That is what you get with an organized tour — everything is taken care of for you, including meal planning — now think about whether you really want that benefit.

The next day started badly. We arrived at the Colosseum and were lectured about how to bargain with street vendors. We were herded in a group to places where we would stand in a group, and that’s how it went all day. Several of us asked to go to the restroom before we started our tour of the Colosseum. We were told that we should have used the restroom before we left the hotel! What? There were three grandmothers on the trip (including my mom), and heck, I’m 53 myself. Besides that indicating adulthood, and not needing to be lectured about when to go to the restroom, it means that I probably need to go quite a bit more often than the male tour director. It seemed that they did not know where the restroom was, and we were held in a group inside while the tour director went and tried to arrange details of the tour that should have been already handled. It later turned out that the WC (Water Closet) was about 20 feet away from where we stood for about 45 minutes, dying to go.

All day, we spent more time waiting in groups in inhospitable spots (such as in a sandy area on Palatine Hill where the strong wind kept blowing sand in our faces) than we did actually seeing sights. It was always a big, hairy deal to get a bathroom break. And after a continental breakfast (croissant and cappuccino) at 7:30 a.m., we didn’t get to eat lunch until 3:30 p.m., by which time we were ravenous and grouchy. There are further gory details, but you’ll have the idea how we were feeling.

Perhaps this was just a particularly badly organized tour. However, later experiences led us to believe that the construct of a tour group itself is a really bad idea for folks like us. By the end of the first day, my mom, Miss C, and I had decided to defect from the tour and go out on our own. A few days later, when we visited the Vatican Museums independently, we stood gazing in awe at “The School of Athens,” a huge and famous mural painting by Rafael. Tour group after tour group trudged through the room without even looking up at it, and I heard one tour director say, “We’ve got to keep moving.” We were appalled.

One of the tour directors of our one-day tour had admonished us, as we were trudging behind the group endlessly through crowded, narrow streets in Rome, for leaving “gaps” between us and the people in front of  us. “What we don’t want is gaps,” he said. His incorrect grammar aside, his attitude irritated us thoroughly. For the next few days, out on our own, we ridiculed him endlessly. As my mom and Miss C strolled leisurely through piazzas or lingered in front of paintings they loved, I’d say, “What we don’t want is gaps!” and they would make faces and huddle close together.

When Miss C and I arrived in London and started taking the Tube, we burst out laughing the first time we heard that we should “Mind the gap.” Because what we do sometimes have are gaps between the train and the platform here in London underground stations. And we don’t mind at all.

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London’s Natural History Museum

June 13, 2011 · Leave a Comment

How appropriate it is that the main hall of London’s Natural History Museum is presided over by a statue of Charles Darwin! The museum’s collection includes specimens Darwin gathered during the famous voyage of the Beagle, from 1831 to 1836, and we were lucky enough to see some of them in a behind-the-scenes tour. The “zoology spirit collection” is housed in the Darwin Centre, and includes vast holdings of jars and tanks containing “spirit,” or alcohol, preserving specimens ranging from periwinkles to giant squid.

Charles Darwin

Such specimens in jars, along with taxidermied ones and paper books of pressed plants, were the main contents of natural history museums in the nineteenth century. The oldest collections at the Natural History Museum (NHM) go back 400 years. Before DNA analysis or even the knowledge of genes, scientists studied physical specimens to identify, categorize, and learn about plants and animals. These collections are still extremely important to the NHM, which has research and preservation missions at its core, but now they are stored in high-tech facilities and augmented by digital storage (such as scans of plant specimens on paper) and interactive, computerized displays.

For example, we adored the new “Cocoon,” which opened in the fall of 2009. The cocoon-shaped, multi-story building-within-a-building provides storage for millions of plant and insect specimens; space for scientists to study, preserve, and identify new specimens; and a view of all this activity for the public through interactive displays and tours.

Miss C in the new high-tech "Cocoon" at the NHM

More than 300 scientists work at the museum — over 200 of them at the Darwin Centre. There are many areas in which you can see them doing so through glass windows, showing the public just what it is they do behind the scenes at the museum. Similarly, large glass windows let visitors take peeks at the collections of insects and plants (those are the categories stored in the Cocoon), through samples and views of the cabinets and shelves that are kept in strictly temperature- and humidity-controlled spaces.

Old technology mixes with new. You open a “specimen drawer” and see a piece under plexiglas while a recorded voice comments about the specimen. You can see a precious and irreplaceable book of herbarium sheets behind a glass window, while paging through a digital version of it on a touch screen.

Other exhibits take visitors through the process of identifying insects and plants, coached by actual NHM scientists on monitors, whose coaching is tied to the visitor’s actions on the touch screen in front of her. Especially cool are the “NaturePlus” coded cards you pick up at the start of your visit. At each exhibit, if you want more information on the topics presented, you just stick your card under a scanner and make your selections. When you get home, go to the NaturePlus Web site, register as a user if you haven’t, and key in the code number on your NaturePlus card. There will be a page of links to the videos, text, and images related to the topics you selected at the museum. You’ll also receive updates on those topics based on the NHM’s continuing research.

Our photos from the museum start out with those from the older part of the museum, and soon move into the high-tech Darwin Centre, as described above. Not everything in the Darwin Centre is high-tech, though. For example, on our zoology spirit tour, the scientist taking us through it all said that the NHM uses thousands of beetles to eat away the flesh on specimens for which they want the skeleton. We saw the “beetlecam” in action, but it’s also available on the Web site for anyone to see.

There was another exhibit that we particularly loved on one of our two visits to the NHM. It was called “Sexual Nature,” and it was a real kick. Between that and the exhibits on reproduction we saw in the Human Biology area, we decided that U.S. science museums would never be as graphic as the British, which is really too bad. This is all great scientific information that people need to know.

The Sexual Nature exhibit was all about animals other than humans, but it was still limited to age 8 and above because of its approach. That is, it was all about sex, animal sexual behavior, and how each of the animals in the exhibit accomplishes that act. The science was sound but a sense of humor was also prevalent. One of the best parts of it were videos written and produced by Isabella Rossellini, and starring her as well (dressed up in animal costumes).

Also shown on the Sundance Channel, Rossellini’s video series is called “Green Porno.” I can’t get the Sundance Web site to come up, probably because it won’t work in Great Britain (we’ve run into that with other U.S. TV as well). So here’s Wikipedia’s page on the series, and here’s a YouTube clip showing what they are all about. I’ll try to see if I can link to more when we get home!

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Theater in London’s West End

June 13, 2011 · 2 Comments

When we planned our trip to London, seeing theater in the legendary West End section was at the top of Miss C’s to-do list. The West End has many, many theaters, and some of the best theater productions in the world. It’s cozier than Broadway in New York, yet just as cosmopolitan, and seemingly with fewer brash, loud tourists. Yet it’s a bustling scene, with many restaurants and bars to serve theatergoers before and after the shows.

We enjoyed seeing four shows here, especially “Les Miserables,” which we saw for Miss C’s fourteenth birthday. This powerful show has been running in the West End for 25 years, and seems to be still going strong, selling out every night. It’s a very operatic musical, with the spoken parts between “songs” being sung as well. The lead role of Jean Valjean was played by Jonathan Williams the night we were there, and he was wonderful, a fantastic tenor, especially on “Bring Him Home.” The anthem “Do You Hear the People Sing?” is the most rousing of the show, a call to action that is hard to resist. “Les Miserables” was at the Queen’s Theatre, at the edge of Chinatown, and we had a delightful Chinese dinner at Y Ming beforehand.

We also saw George Bernard Shaw’s “Pygmalion” in the West End (Garrick Theatre) and Shakespeare’s “Much Ado About Nothing” with David Tennant and Catherine Tate (Wyndham’s Theatre), as I wrote about here previously (here and here). Both were wonderful.

Finally, we saw “Billy Elliot,” which is a production of the same caliber but not technically in the West End — it’s playing at the Victoria Theatre near Victoria Station. We had seen this show a couple of years ago on Broadway and it was a very interesting contrast to see it again here in London. Certainly all the accents seemed authentic and at home, and somehow all the references to Maggie Thatcher, the strikes, and the struggles of the working class seemed more authentic as well, at home in the British setting of the show. We cried and were happy to have done so. The dancing was wonderful, and along with the score by Elton John, a joyful experience. We hope “our” Billy, Ryan Collinson, has a great future.

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Barbican Centre & Museum of London

June 12, 2011 · Leave a Comment

London’s unique Barbican Centre is a large arts and housing complex built in the 1960s and ’70s in an area that was devastated by German bombs in World War II. We wandered through the ambitious project on the way to visit the Museum of London and learned a lot about the area’s history, from Roman times through the present day.

Fountains in the courtyard of Barbican Centre

Here’s a modern map of the area, between the Barbican and Moorgate tube stations, and bordered on the north by Beech and Silk Streets and on the south by the street called “London Wall” (named for the old Roman wall that followed that route):


View Larger Map

Note all the green space between the buildings, and the large pools of water, and the Museum of London in the lower left corner. Now, here’s a map showing the path of the old Roman wall, with the Museum of London shown in green at the top left:

Yes, I’ve displayed this map before, in my post about the Tower of London, shown at the bottom right in red on the map above.

In medieval times, a “barbican” was the “outer fortification of a city or castle.” If you compare the two maps above, you can see that the current “Barbican Centre” is just outside (north of) the path of the Roman wall surrounding the old City of London.

When we visited the Museum of London (it took us two visits to get through its massive and wonderful collections), we saw a presentation with photos of the devastation to London neighborhoods caused by the “Blitz” of German bombing in World War II. We knew about the bombing, but these images were shocking nevertheless. The area inside the current map above was almost totally destroyed — except for the medieval St. Giles of Cripplegate Church, and portions of the old Roman wall, and a few other buildings.

In the 1960s, the City of London, the borough of modern-day London roughly corresponding to that enclosed in the old Roman wall, plus a little more, seized the opportunity to build an entirely new kind of complex in the space. The Barbican Centre is a cultural complex for “art, theatre, music, dance, film, education, and conferences” and it hosts a public library as well as restaurants and bars. Its courtyard opens to large pools with naturalistic vegetation, surrounded by three housing towers and a “high walk” that takes you through the complex and to the Museum of London. The water and vegetation features are simply beautiful, a spectacular gathering space and view for the surrounding housing and those who visit the cultural center.

The medieval St. Giles Cripplegate church at the center of the complex is quite wondrous. There was an early Saxon church on the site, and in 1090 there was a Norman church there. Sometime during the middle ages it was dedicated to St. Giles. According to the church Web site, the word “Cripplegate” does not refer to disabled or crippled people. “The word comes from the Anglo-Saxon ‘cruplegate,’ which means a covered way or tunnel which ran from the town gate of Cruplegate [Cripplegate] to the Barbican, a fortified watchtower on the City wall.”

The church was enlarged in 1394 and restored after a fire in 1897. Then came World War II. “There was a direct hit on the north door in the summer of 1940,” says the church Web site, “and in the following December the church was showered with so many incendiary bombs that even the cement caught alight. All that remained was the shell, the arcade in the chancel, the outside walls and the tower.” Still, valuable items were saved, such as the church register, dating from 1561. The restored church leaves burn damage exposed on its outside, showing the effects of the World War II bombing.

Still, the church stands as a reminder of the medieval and later history of the area, alongside the ancient history represented by portions of the old Roman wall close to it. Corner towers from the old city wall are positioned between the church and the Museum of London. Please see our photos of the Barbican Centre, the St. Giles of Cripplegate church, and the old Roman wall.

The Museum of London was built as part of the Barbican complex, right on the street called “London Wall,” and next to a remnant of the wall, which you can see from a window of the museum. The museum presents a history of London from prehistoric times through today, through relics and artifacts and wonderful interpretive information. It is an exhaustive tour, and as mentioned above, we visited the museum twice to get through it all. Our first visit took us from prehistory through 1666, when a huge fire destroyed much of London. On our second visit we learned about London from the 17th century through the current day. The Museum’s exhibits of Roman London (Londinium) are excellent, as is its recreation of Victorian stores and offices. Please see our photos from the museum.

We especially enjoyed the Museum’s 18th century “pleasure garden,” in which figures dressed in beautiful clothing from the time and video projections of characters on the wall showed the custom of the times — to visit the parks of London in the evening in high style, and be served food and provided entertainment, while gossiping and visiting among friends. Two characters are gossiping and one says, “Have you heard the news? Miss Nicely is going to be married to her own Footman.” The other responds, “Impossible!” and then hears the response, “‘Tis very true–and they say there were pressing reasons for’t.”

A few days later, we were surprised and delighted to hear the same dialogue when we attended a play at the Barbican Centre. It was “A School for Scandal,” a 1777 play by Richard Sheridan, a hugely successful and famous comedy of manners in Georgian London (in the time of King George III). The play skewers Georgian society, and audiences at the time would have rolled on the floor laughing at its witty barbs. We enjoyed the production, which interspersed the period piece, complete with 18th century costumes, with rock music, high-tech signage, and on-stage crew in modern dress. This very modern production of a classic 18th century play set in London seemed to complete our experience of the history of London interwoven through the Barbican Centre, St. Giles Cripplegate, the Roman wall, and the Museum of London.

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Music at St. Martin-in-the-Fields

June 11, 2011 · Leave a Comment

We first visited London’s legendary St. Martin-in-the-Fields church when a friend sent me a Facebook note to check out Razorlight, an indie rock band, playing in the courtyard for free. Tonight, we were inside, with great seats, to hear Mozart’s “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” performed by a baroque group called London Octave. I think this shows the range of music St. Martin’s supports and presents! Actually, the concerts support the good work of the church.

Razorlight is very popular in England. They happened to be doing the freebie at St. Martin-in-the-Fields to help it celebrate the twentieth year of publication of “Big Issue,” a paper the church produces that is sold by homeless people on the street. St. Martin of Tours was the 4th century patron saint of beggars, and this church named for him takes that vision to heart. There is an amazing photo exhibition in their “crypt” just now with large photographic portraits of homeless people, along with their stories, that had Miss C very disturbed at the injustice. The church also has a close alliance with Amnesty International. This progressive church has the following mission: “St. Martin-in-the-Fields exists to honour God by being an open and inclusive church that enables people to question and discover for themselves the significance of Jesus Christ.”

But then there is the building. And the music. The church, in the heart of London, at the corner of the beautiful Trafalgar Square, has been restored to its elegant eighteenth century interior. It has mosaics, a Royal coat-of-arms (it is the parish church of the Royal family), an amazing pipe organ. Handel and Mozart both personally played its 1727 organ in the church. In the 1950s, one of its music directors co-founded the prestigious Academy of St. Martin in the Fields chamber orchestra (we have recordings of their music, especially loving their work with Joshua Bell on Vivaldi’s “The Four Seasons” — and he will be the orchestra’s new music director as of September 2011).

Now that the “Academy” is a classical superstar, the church hosts many other groups and performers as well. Tonight we were thrilled with the London Octave performance of music written during the eighteenth century, during the church’s early years (it was built in 1726). It seemed the perfect environment for this mostly baroque music — Mozart’s “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” and some other pieces of his; Handel’s “The Arrival of the Queen of Sheba;” Vivaldi’s “Summer” from “The Four Seasons” (violin soloist Lorraine McAslan was amazing on that one); Pachelbel’s “Canon;” and Bach’s “Brandenburg Concerto.” We were happy to have been able to experience a concert this wonderful in such a famous and worthy venue.

 

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The Tower of London and Southwark

June 11, 2011 · 1 Comment

Years ago Neil and I visited the Tower of London and enjoyed it. The thing we remembered most was Henry VIII’s armor. The man had a really fine opinion of his parts that needed protecting. We wanted to take Miss C to see the Tower, not just for that impressive sight but for all its amazing history.

The blue line shows part of the path of the old Roman city wall; the red outline shows the Tower of London. The city has always been closely tied to the Thames River.

We started our tour by arriving at the Tower Hill underground (tube) station, a most appropriate place to begin. There, just outside the station, is a remnant of the Roman wall that surrounded the city of Londinium, which was to later expand beyond those walls and become the London of today. The Tower of London, actually a complex of towers and other buildings, was built right into that Roman wall by William the Conqueror starting in 1075. Both wall and Tower have been amended ever since. In the mid-nineteenth century, most of the remaining Roman wall was torn down, but these parts near and within the Tower of London remain, and there are other remnants near the Museum of London (post still to come about that).

A Yeoman Warder at the Tower

Londinium (and then London) grew up around the Thames River, which opens to the English Channel and allowed ocean-going ships to come up the river to its wharves and docks. The Roman city was built right up to the Thames for reasons of transportation and supply, and the Tower of London was later built there too for the same reasons as well as defense.

The Tower later became infamous especially during the time of the Tudors (Henry VIII and his offspring, especially Elizabeth I) for holding political prisoners and for its executions. Henry had Elizabeth’s mother Anne Boleyn executed here, and there were many others. But in its early history it was a royal palace. In recent centuries it was a royal armoury. It still has other official functions, but today it is mostly a tourist site, and a very interesting one at that.

Our photos tell the story. We started north of the Tower at the train station; walked into and all around the Tower complex; looked across the river at the modern glass-and-steel buildings; walked along the riverfront outside the Tower, looking ahead to the Victorian Tower Bridge; crossed the Tower Bridge; walked along the Queen’s Walk on the south side of the river (the area called “Southwark,” pronounced “Suthark”); and marveled at the new city hall and other modern buildings in the area called “London Riverside” before finding dinner in the area and heading back to our apartment from the London Bridge tube station.

Not many cities do such a nice job with their riverfronts. Rome’s Tiber River is a real disappointment, for example. Apparently the Italians are just focused on their piazzas and fountains and don’t see the potential of the space along the river. Chicago comes to mind as the best example I can think of for riverfront beauty besides London. But London really loves the Thames, and it shows. Please see our photos — I’d recommend choosing the slideshow (top left) and setting it to 5 seconds per slide.

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Charles Darwin’s Down House

June 6, 2011 · 2 Comments

One of our forays into the country from London was a visit to Down House to see and pay homage to the place where the great Charles Darwin devised his theory of evolution. Darwin lived and worked at Down House, in rural Kent, for forty years, and his study, his gardens, and the natural elements of the surrounding countryside were all important resources for his experiments, thinking, and writing.

Jennifer in Darwin's greenhouse at Down House.

The house has been restored to the way it was furnished during the latter part of the time the Darwins lived there, based on photographs, in the downstairs part at least. On the second floor are exhibits that take you through his life and accomplishments, and they were very nicely done. For example, there is a reproduction of the space where he spent his time on the Beagle, the ship on which he traveled for five years, collecting specimens that would form the basis for his theories. The space was built to its exact size on the ship (so you can see how small it was!), and it includes a video projection of an actor as Darwin at work. The downstairs rooms are toured using an audio guide narrated by Sir David Attenborough, practically the British voice of nature to us, having viewed his video series “The Life of Birds” and “The Life of Mammals.”

Darwin lived here with his wife Emma and their ten children (three children died young), and he was a warm and involved father here as well as a serious scientist and thinker at work. The family’s life is intermingled with scientific history in this house, in sometimes amazing ways. For example, a hall closet by the stairs is filled with the paraphernalia of active family life — cricket bats, croquet mallets, and other such supplies. And here among these things is where Darwin kept his 1842 pencil sketch that first outlined the theory of evolution by natural selection. He didn’t want to publish it at that time because Emma was so religious and felt that it would be a blow to the church. So he kept it with a letter to Emma to be opened “in the case of my sudden death” with instructions to her to publish it. As we now know, the imminent publication of the later work of Alfred Russel Wallace finally drove him to publish it himself in On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, in 1859. But just imagine — all that time the sketch of this fundamental theory was kept in a hall closet with the sporting equipment.

Similarly, in his famous study, he used as his main workspace a center table filled with papers and  pigeon skeletons and other specimens. We learned that a stool with rolling wheels tucked under the table was used by his children for joy rides across the oriental carpet when they were in the study with their father. Darwin had such wheels on his chair, too, so that he could easily move from one workspace in the study to another.

The gardens, greenhouse, and meadow were all interesting to tour along with the house. The entire estate was a laboratory for Darwin, including the spacious lawn. For example, at one time he marked off a rectangle of lawn and left it unmowed, counting the number of plant species that sprang up in it, and later survived, over a course of two years. The kitchen garden was used for growing vegetables that the family ate at the table, but while Darwin was writing On the Origin of Species, he took over a corner of it for his “experimental beds.” In the greenhouse, he studied orchids (specifically, insect pollination of them), insectivorous plants, climbing plants, and toadflax (through which he was able to prove the advantages of cross-pollination in plants).

Darwin had his “sandwalk” laid down in 1846. This is a stone and sand path leading from the house, through the gardens, and out to the meadow — his “thinking path,” where he walked three times a day, making five laps of it at noon. He also monitored plant and insect activity in the meadow.

We have some photos of the house and gardens, but none inside the house, as they weren’t allowed. These include some photos from the walk back into the village of Downe, which added an “e” to its name in the 1850s, to differentiate itself from County Down in Ireland (that’s why it’s different from the name of Darwin’s house). The Darwin family was active in village life and revered in the town.

Darwin is buried at Westminster Abbey and we viewed the stone over his grave there; we also saw his portrait at the National Portrait Gallery, as I wrote here earlier. Miss C and I have spent a lot of time on biology over the years, including a fairly rigorous study of Campbell’s Biology over the past couple of years. But it was in my reading aloud to her the book, The Young Charles Darwin, by Keith Thomson, that we really feel we got to know him. (It’s not a children’s book; it’s about the scientific influences on Darwin and his formative years as a young scientist.) Visiting his home and his workplace at Down House was a lovely way to bring it all together.

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Theater: Scaramouche

June 6, 2011 · Leave a Comment

And now for something completely different: We attended “Scaramouche,” a performance of “commedia dell’arte,” an Italian form of comedy and musical, at Hoxton Hall. Some friends from home were visiting here and invited us to attend, as they knew a castmember (Audrey Rumsby, whose father leads San Jose Youth Shakespeare) and wanted to see her in the show. Very interesting. From the description:

“Scaramouche” tells the true story of a struggling commedia dell’arte troupe and their mysterious leading man’s meteoric rise to stardom.  The production successfully fuses two art forms, the musical and commedia dell’arte and is played out by nine brilliant performers. “Scaramouche” is bursting with songs, energy, colour and knock-about slapstick!

The physical humor was pretty amazing, especially Audrey’s performance of three ways to commit suicide (really, it was funny!). The most interesting part of the evening was Audrey’s telling us afterward about being here to break into the theatre business in London; this was her first professional role. We had seen her acting coach, Scott Handy, in the role of “Antonio” in the RSC’s “Merchant of Venice” a few days earlier. (He was very good in that role, both as melancholy as called for, and convincingly terrified when “Shylock” approached him with a large knife to take his “pound of flesh.”) Audrey told us he had some reservations about the Las Vegas theme of that play, which we were encouraged to hear!

“Scaramouche” as a character (or “Scaramuccia” in Italian) has been around as a part of commedia dell’arte since the seventeenth century (see Wikipedia’s page about it). Of course, ever since we heard the name of the show, and knew we’d be attending it, we kept singing the lines from Queen’s “Bohemian Rhapsody” in our heads: “Scaramouche! Scaramouche! Will you do the fandango?”

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More London Theater: Pygmalion

June 4, 2011 · 1 Comment

We’ve been out to the theater again! We were excited to see that “Pygmalion” was playing here because Miss C knows “My Fair Lady,” the musical based on it, so well. At her voice recital last June, she gave a great rendition of “Just You Wait,” convincingly warning ‘enry ‘iggins of his fate.

It also seemed extremely appropriate to see George Bernard Shaw’s satire on social classes and the English language while we are in London. Professor of “phonetics” Henry Higgins, in the play, has a habit of naming the neighborhood of London a person hails from, claiming he can do so “within two streets,” based solely on the person’s speech. When he names “Hoxton” and Eliza says she sells flowers at “Tottenham Court Road,” we now know where those places are. And even though London is very different now than in 1912, when Shaw published the play, we’ve delighted at all the different “British” accents we’ve heard around town, and wondered why “Saint” Pancras is pronounced “Sint” or even “Snt” (with hardly a vowel sound) when we hear that station announced on the tube. We were all for enjoying some fun with the language, in a classic play set in London.

The play stars Rupert Everett (whom we had seen in “Blithe Spirit” on Broadway last year) and Kara Tointon. Higgins’ mother is played charmingly by Diana Rigg. All were wonderful, and it was a joy to see in the beautiful Victorian theater on the West End, the Garrick Theatre, named for eighteenth century Shakespearean actor David Garrick. What really surprised us, given our familiarity with the musical “My Fair Lady,” was that the play has much more scintillating dialogue. Although many of Henry’s and Eliza’s best lines are indeed used in the musical, each has much more to say in the play, in a dynamic and compelling way that has one hanging on every word.

Even more surprising was how much stronger and more independent, especially toward the end, Eliza is in the play than in the musical. Shaw was an advocate of the working class, and this play was written when the suffragette movement was going strong in England. We especially appreciated how he had Eliza say that after a woman is turned into a “lady,” she is no longer fit for any kind of work, and she also protests that marrying (to support herself) is like selling herself, and that “we were above that on Tottenham Court Road.” It’s really a proto-feminist position, and it’s a shame that the musical “watered her down” so much, having her go back to the abusive Henry Higgins in the end. We’re really glad we saw “Pygmalion” and experienced Shaw’s original intent.

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Shakespeare in Stratford-Upon-Avon and in London

June 3, 2011 · 2 Comments

We came to England to experience Shakespearean theater (and a few other things). Now, having attended a performance of the Royal Shakespeare Company in Stratford-Upon-Avon, a West End production starring Dr. Who’s David Tennant, and the Globe Theatre productions I wrote about previously, we’re feeling we’ve accomplished that goal!

Miss C is currently both a high school and college student, and theater is her great love, and technically, her college major. We say we are homeschoolers, but to some, that implies my teaching her, and actually, we are more autodidacts who love to learn together. I’ve long felt I was of more powerful benefit to her as an experienced co-learner than as a teacher, and it’s been a joy to learn about theater with her, since I am more math/science-oriented. We love experiential learning, being out in the world — attending performances, immersing in museums, and seeing what the world has to offer. Our three months in Europe, which we’ll wrap up in a little over a week, have provided the ultimate experience for two autodidacts out and about in the world.

Happily, my husband Neil was able to join us here in England for a short time, and he traveled with us by train to Stratford-Upon-Avon, the birthplace and lifelong home of William Shakespeare, and now home to the renowned Royal Shakespeare Company. A visit to Stratford is a wonderful pilgrimage for Shakespeare fans, with much to see and do related to his life and work. It’s also simply a lovely English town on a river, filled with history, with some fifteenth-century and many sixteenth- and seventeenth-century buildings. The town is proud of its past, both as the home to Shakespeare and his family, and of its ancient roots otherwise. It’s a very enjoyable place to spend some time.

We went to Stratford with advance tickets to see Patrick Stewart (Captain Picard of “Star Trek: Next Generation” for those who don’t know his deep roots as a Shakespearean actor!) in “The Merchant of Venice.” We wanted to see any production of the Royal Shakespeare Company, and felt we were doubly lucky that Stewart was performing while we would be there. It was indeed an honor to see him performing live, as Shakespeare’s complex villain, “Shylock.” However, the production was extremely bizarre!

We’ve seen other plays of Shakespeare set in a different time and place from that originally used by the playwright. However, we found this transposition just too much: Instead of Venice in the sixteenth century, the story was set in a modern-day Las Vegas, complete with an Elvis impersonator. The worst thing about it was that Portia, arguably Shakespeare’s strongest female character, was turned into a bimbo with a reality TV show. Aargh. The interludes with the strolling and singing “Elvis” didn’t work for us either. Interestingly, Stewart’s scenes were pretty much Elvis-free, and were played in a classic way.  In that sense, they seemed part of a play within a…Vegas spectacular.

Despite our strong reservations about and criticisms of this production, we enjoyed attending it at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre. The theatre, built in 1932 in an art deco style and designed by a female architect, and renovated in 2010, is a wonderful place to see a performance. The next day we toured both this theatre and the Victorian-era Swan Theatre it adjoins (also used for RSC productions). Although the buildings are older, this is the fiftieth anniversary of the RSC itself, and many costumes and other displays from its history enhanced the tour. The RSC has downloadable audio tours on its Web site, which we had pre-loaded on our iPhones before we arrived. Then we were able to just wander about freely on our own and look at the various features while listening to the tours with earbuds. Nice!

The RSC has a large footprint in Stratford, dominating the town in many ways. The Stratford Fringe Festival was going on during the week we were there, with lots of musical and play performances and art shows. We decided that in Stratford, “fringe” must be anything besides the RSC. However, there is a lot more to see and do related to Shakespeare.

For example, the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust operates “Shakespeare’s Houses and Gardens,” five historic houses associated with the Bard and his family. We visited all but one, Mary Arden’s Farm (3 miles outside of Stratford), the home of Shakespeare’s mother. The other four were all very interesting and worthwhile to see. They included the house where Shakespeare was born and lived as a young boy; Anne Hathaway’s Cottage (where he wooed his future wife); Hall’s Croft, the home of his daughter Susanna and her husband Dr. John Hall; and “Nash’s House and New Place,” the site of Shakespeare’s final home, which he bought after he had made a fortune as a part owner of theaters in London. All of these have been restored and have exhibits and other enhancements that make them very educational and enjoyable.

We were delighted to see some Morris dancers performing in front of Shakespeare’s birthplace house. We know all about them through being a “Revels” family (the Christmas Revels, performed annually in eight U.S. cities, heavily uses old English customs such as Morris dancing in its traditions). Please see our photos of these and other sights around Stratford-Upon-Avon.

As proof that it’s possible to set a play of Shakespeare’s in a different time and place, and have it actually work, the production of “Much Ado About Nothing” that we later saw in London’s famous West End was a delight. Starring David Tennant and Catherine Tate (who both appeared in the BBC’s “Dr. Who”) as the sparring couple Benedick and Beatrice, it was set in the early 1980s, in Gibraltar (Britain owns this “rock” at the southern tip of Spain). The soldiers “returning” with Don Pedro are Brits who have been at war in the Falkland Islands (!). It’s amazing how effortlessly this overlays on the play, without intruding too much. The biggest things about that era that stuck out to us were how much everyone smoked (at least they used theatrical herbal cigarettes), and that a maid Benedick sent to fetch a book was turned into a boy who kept fooling around with a Rubik’s cube. As it should be, the chemistry between Beatrice and Benedick was electric, and David Tennant was hilarious as Benedick hiding behind the columns when he hears his compatriots talking (for his benefit) about how much Beatrice loves him. The standing ovation from the audience was wildly enthusiastic.

We still have some more theater to attend here in London, but for now our Shakespeare cup is full and we feel sated. It’s been a wonderful trip!

P.S. As an American, I spell theater “t-h-e-a-t-e-r.” However, when referring to buildings and institutions in Britain that use the British spelling, “t-h-e-a-t-r-e,” I use that spelling. I also use the latter spelling for American institutions that affect (er, use) this British spelling. That’s why the two spellings are mixed in my posts.

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